Case Report ㅣ 2024-08-31 0 231 175

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Abstract : Caroli syndrome (CS) is characterized by multiple intrahepatic biliary cysts which are continuous with the biliary tract. First case is a 1-year-old, Munchkin cat that presented with icterus. This patient was diagnosed with CS based on imaging and histopathology. With surgery and supportive care, the patient has been well managed. Second case is a 1-year-old, mixed breed dog that presented with anorexia and abdominal distention. This patient was suspected to have CS based on ultrasonography, and died after 7 days. Although unusual, CS could be considered as a differential diagnosis for young animals with hepatic cysts.

Case Report ㅣ 2024-08-31 0 169 145

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Abstract : An adult castrated male dog was presented with persistent hematochezia. Digital rectal examination and endoscopy found multiple colorectal masses. Complete blood count and serum biochemical results were within the reference interval. Fine needle aspirate of the masses indicated a diagnosis of inflamed polyps with a primary differential of malignancy. Histopathologic examination using endoscopy-guided incisional biopsy of the masses revealed an inflamed neoplasm with ossification. A colectomy was performed to remove the tumor. Subsequent histopathologic examination of the surgically resected masses resulted in a diagnosis of colorectal carcinoma in situ (CiS) with immune infiltrates, which were subject to immunohistochemical and flow cytometric immunophenotyping. The immunohistochemistry confirmed intraepithelial CD3⁺ T cells within CiS. The flow cytometric analysis indicated tumor-infiltrating CD4⁺ T, CD8⁺ T, and CD11b⁺ myeloid subsets. The flow cytometric analysis of circulating and tumor-infiltrating leukocytes demonstrated a preferential expansion of CD25⁺FOXP3⁺ regulatory T cells within CiS. To the author’s knowledge, this is the first report to show clinical evidence emphasizing the immunogenicity and immune-suppressive environment of canine colorectal CiS. Our case will be valuable in providing a rationale for basic research that dissects the immune environment for canine colorectal cancers for the future development of cancer immunotherapy.

Case Report ㅣ 2024-08-31 0 184 118

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Abstract : An adult female dog was presented for evaluation of rapid growth of mammary gland masses. Complete blood count, serum biochemistry, and diagnostic imaging results were unremarkable. Fine needle aspirates of the mammary masses indicated mammary carcinoma characterized by large globoid cells with finely granular eosinophilic globules or Melamed-Wolinska-like bodies. A regional mastectomy was performed on the masses. Subsequent histopathologic examination of the surgically resected masses resulted in a diagnosis of mammary comedocarcinoma with nodal metastasis and distinct perivascular immune infiltrates, which were subject to immunohistochemical and flow cytometric immunophenotyping. Immunohistochemical examination confirmed the infiltration of CD3⁺ T and PAX5⁺ B lymphocytes. Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated tumor-infiltrating CD4⁺CD25⁺FOXP3⁺ regulatory T, CD8⁺ T, CD11b⁺ myeloid, and CD21⁺ B cells. Of note, paired flow cytometric analysis of peripheral blood and tumor tissues showed a preferential tumor infiltration of regulatory T and B cells. Approximately two months after the mastectomy, the tumor reoccurred at the surgery site. The dog died due to deteriorating conditions. We report a rare case of canine mammary comedocarcinoma, providing clinical, clinicopathologic, histologic, and immunophenotypic characteristics. Our case is valuable in providing a rationale for basic research that maps the immune landscape of mammary comedocarcinoma to identify key immune subsets for cancer progression.

Case Report ㅣ 2024-08-31 0 167 119

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Abstract : Air accumulation in the cranial cavity is referred to as pneumocephalus. Tension pneumocephalus is a neurosurgical emergency that can cause headaches, seizures, reduced consciousness, and even death owing to increased intracranial pressure. We report a case of tension pneumocephalus. The patient underwent a frontal sinusotomy for a mass invading the frontal sinus and nasal cavity. One month later, the patient was admitted to the emergency room with seizures and neurotic symptoms, and computed tomography (CT) revealed tension pneumocephalus with significant gas dilatation of both lateral ventricles. Prompt treatment of the dural defect resulted in the immediate improvement of neurological signs. A CT re-examination 1 week after surgery showed that the pneumocephalus had completely resolved. Tension pneumocephalus should be considered a potential complication in patients with worsening neurological signs after skull base surgery. An accurate diagnosis requires an understanding of imaging features and a high index of suspicion, and immediate intervention is essential.

Case Report ㅣ 2024-08-31 0 164 114

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Abstract : A 7-month-old, 5.2 kg spayed female Norwegian Forest cat was referred for chronic, non-weight-bearing lameness in the left pelvic limb that has been present since 3 months old and has not responded to medical conservative therapy. Based on orthopedic and radiographic examination, concomitant cranial cruciate ligament rupture (CCLR) and medial patellar luxation (MPL) of the left hind limb were diagnosed. In this case, cranial tibial wedge osteotomy (CTWO) was adopted to overcome side effect of performing other osteotomy techniques such as impairing the growth plates in the proximal tibia. Additionally, patient-specific surgical guides were applied to improve surgical accuracy. The patient showed an improvement in weight-bearing scores and gait condition during follow-up periods without complications. In our case, CTWO combined with corrective surgery for MPL can be used to treat concomitant CCLR and MPL without damaged on the growth plates and shows good clinical outcomes in an immature cat. Furthermore, the use of a surgical guide facilitates surgical procedures that minimize surgical error and increase surgical precision. This case study suggests that CTWO assisted by patient-specific surgical guides may be a viable surgical option for treating an immature cat with concomitant CCLR and MPL.

Case Report ㅣ 2024-08-31 0 193 97

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Abstract : A 9-year-old, 5.6 kg female Shih Tzu dog presented with exudate at the right eye enucleation site three months post-enucleation at the local animal hospital. Surgical removal of the periorbital tissue was immediately performed. Still, the clinical signs were not improved. Thus, the dog was referred to Chonnam National University Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital for treatment. On physical examination, pinkish-colored viscous exudate was observed, and the Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining of the exudate confirmed a leakage of saliva. Computed tomography (CT) scan images showed an indistinct margin of the right zygomatic salivary gland, leading to a suspected right zygomatic salivary gland rupture. Consequently, sialoadenectomy was planned. The surgical approach to the zygomatic salivary gland was performed along the ventral margin of the zygomatic arch without ostectomy. After dissecting the masseter muscle, the ruptured zygomatic salivary gland and the affected salivary duct were successfully removed. There were no complications, and no pain response occurred at the surgical site for three months after surgery. This report demonstrates potential complications resulting from aggressive periorbital tissue debridement following enucleation. Before surgery, it is necessary to determine the cause using PAS staining and a CT scan

Case Report ㅣ 2024-08-31 0 145 122

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Abstract : A 12-year-old spayed female dog presented with vomiting and anorexia for four days. Radiographic examination revealed that the small intestines were distended with fecal material. Ultrasound examination showed irregular marginated material with moderate shadowing throughout several segments of the small intestines. Proximal to this intestinal material, small intestines were distended with fluid. The patient underwent one-day of hospitalization, and descent of small bowel fecal materials (SBFMs) was confirmed on radiographs. However, surgical removal was performed due to worsening clinical signs and echogenic changes in the mesentery observed on ultrasound. During surgery, intestinal congestion was observed along with congestion and edema in the surrounding mesentery. Two segments of the small intestines were resected, and feces were found within the resected segments. The patient showed rapid recovery postoperatively and experienced no recurrence. SBFM can induce mechanical intestinal obstruction, and if radiographic evidence of SBFM is observed in patients with vomiting, surgical resection would be considered.

Case Report ㅣ 2024-08-31 0 135 109

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Abstract : Herein, we present the ultrasonography and computed tomography (CT) characteristics of an intramural calcified leiomyoma of the bladder in a dog. A 16-year-old, neutered male, Shih Tzu dog was referred to our hospital owing to corneal perforation. Serum chemistry findings and complete blood counts were unremarkable. A rounded hypoechoic intramural mass with internal hyperechoic foci was incidentally discovered on the ventral aspect of the bladder neck on abdominal ultrasonography performed for screening prior to corneal surgery. CT revealed a rounded hypoattenuated mass with central hyperattenuated foci at the level of the bladder neck. The mass was surgically excised and was diagnosed as leiomyoma based on histopathological findings.

Case Report ㅣ 2024-08-31 0 119 102

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Abstract : A 13-year-old castrated male mixed-breed dog presented for a health screening with a small nodule on the left hindlimb, which was revealed to be a mast cell tumor. A CT scan was performed to evaluate the mast cell tumor, and it incidentally revealed a well-marginated, fluid-attenuating, non-contrast enhanced mass in the deep ventral region of the left lower neck. Ultrasonography confirmed a well-capsulated mass with a cranio-ventrally protruding lesion extending into sternohyoid muscles. The outer layer of the mass had a hypoechoic thick wall and the internal parenchyma contained hyperechoic foci and multiple hyperechoic parallel lines. The mass was surgically resected. Histopathological examination confirmed a dermoid cyst characterized by cornifying squamous epithelial cells, keratinaceous debris, and hair shaft fragments. The dog showed no signs of recurrence or additional abnormalities three months post-surgery. This report highlights the importance of considering dermoid cysts in the differential diagnosis of neck masses on imaging examinations using CT or ultrasonography.

Case Report ㅣ 2024-08-31 0 124 100

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Abstract : A 4-year-old intact female veiled chameleon was presented with anorexia and respiratory symptoms. Physical examination revealed mild lethargy, open-mouthed breathing and stomatitis, with sticky fluid coating the oral mucus membrane. Pathogens such as Pseudomonas spp., Aeromonas spp., Ranavirus spp. or Herpes spp. has previously been implicated to cause stomatitis. Cytology confirmed fungal hyphae and bacterial growth. Molecular analysis revealed Fusarium (F.) solani and Pseudomonas spp. The fungus F. solani is known to cause keratitis in humans, and has been reported to cause skin lesions or systemic infections in reptiles. Pseudomonas spp. is a common bacterium in associated with stomatitis. This is the first clinical case report of F. solani infection causing stomatitis in reptiles. Several pathogens should be considered for accurate diagnosis and treatment of stomatitis.