2014-10-31 0 63 30

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2014-10-31 0 154 53

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Abstract : The aim of this study was to determine if vaccines containing CPV-2 or CPV-2b provided protection against challenge with a recent Korean CPV-2a isolate. Twenty mongrel pups aged 9 weeks old were used. The commercial CPV-2 or CPV-2b vaccines were administered to each of the 8 pups thrice every 3 weeks, respectively. Two weeks after the last vaccination, all pups were challenged with CPV-2a (VR00174 strain) 1 × 10⁶ TCID₅₀. Clinical signs, fecal excretion of challenged CPV, and serological response of pups were observed for 2 weeks after challenge. All vaccinated pups did not display any clinical signs of disease after challenge with Korean CPV-2a isolate, whereas all non-vaccinated pups exhibited mucoid or hemorrhagic diarrhea, vomiting and anorexia. In all non-vaccinated pups, the virus could be detected in feces from 4 days after challenge, whereas in vaccinated pups, no evidence of viral excretion could be detected. Two of 4 non-vaccinated pups died 6 days after the challenge. This study showed that the two commercial CPV-2 and CPV-2b vaccines were effective in preventing infection and/or disease caused by the Korean CPV-2a isolate.

2014-10-31 0 179 43

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Abstract : The study was to observe hemodynamic alterations of cardiac function to design a model of canine mitral valve insufficiency (MVI) based on chordae tendinae rupture (CTR). Ten healthy beagles with normal heart function were used in this study. To measure hemodynamics, the patient monitor was equipped for invasive blood pressure and a Swan-Ganz catheter. Hemodynamic alterations were checked promptly during CTR procedures. MVI model was made by transection of the chordae tendinae with small arthroscopy hook knife through 5^th intercostal open chest. Color Doppler at the level of the mitral valve showed high-velocity regurgitant flow immediately after CTR at intraoperative echocardiography. In hemodynamic measurements, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) was significantly increased, while mean arterial pressure (MAP), venous pressure (VP), pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP), cardiac output (CO) and cardiac index (CI) were significantly decreased after CTR. It was known that the left atrium was overloaded by regurgitant volume from the left ventricle. In conclusion, the MVI model induced by CTR technique in this study should be used as suitable one for the effective research of canine mitral valve disease. Further study should be needed to measure the chronic alternation of mitral valve in the model.

2014-10-31 0 170 82

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Abstract : This article describes the use of laparoscopic-assisted cystoscopy for removal of urinary calculi in five dogs. All dogs had micturition disorder due to urinary calculi. The surgical technique used was same in all cases. A urethral catheter passed into the urinary bladder through the urethra preoperatively. A 5-mm diameter cannula was placed in the ventral midline, 1 to 2 cm cranial to the umbilicus, and the 5-mm laparoscope was introduced via the cannula. A 10-mm diameter cannula was placed adjacent to the apex of the bladder under the visual guidance of laparoscopy. The bladder was then partially exteriorized through the 10-mm portal site, and a stab incision was performed on the bladder wall. The incisional margin of the bladder was sutured to the skin of the second portal site in $360^{circ}$ simple continuous suture. A 2.7-mm diameter cystoscope with a sheath was introduced into the bladder lumen. The cystic and urethral calculi were removed under the visual guidance of cystoscopy with continuous fluid flushing. No major postoperative complications were identified. During the follow up period (range 7 to 21 months), no episodes of urinary dysfunction or recurrence of clinical signs were observed.

2014-10-31 1 185 133

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Abstract : In this study, we analyzed the computed tomography (CT) measurements of lung volume and density in dogs with relation to body weight, age, sex, and breed. The multi-detector CT examination of the thorax was performed on dogs without respiratory or cardiovascular diseases. Three-dimensional reconstruction of CT images facilitated measurement of lung volume and density. There was a statistical significant correlation between body weight and lung volume (p < 0.0001). Lung density significantly decreased with an increase in body weight (p = 0.0078). However, no correlation was seen between these lung parameters and either sex or age of the dogs. In conclusion, this study shows that body weight is an important factor to consider when interpreting total lung volume and density values measured by quantitative CT. We highlight the need for further study using quantitative CT in identifying the potential effects of sex, age, and disease status on these parameters.

2014-10-31 3 238 134

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Abstract : The objective of this study was to determine the risk factors associated with pregnancy following 3 synchronization protocols in dairy cows. Data were collected on 1,952 cows from 22 dairy farms, including synchronization protocols ($PGF_{2{alpha}}$ + estradiol benzoate [PG+EB], Ovsynch, and CIDR-ovsynch), cow parity, body condition score (BCS), and dates of previous calving, insemination and conception. The odds ratio (OR) for pregnancy were analyzed by logistic regression using the LOGISTIC procedure in SAS. The analysis revealed that farm (p = 0.005), cow parity (p = 0.0001), BCS (p < 0.005), and AI season (p < 0.05) significantly affected and calving to AI interval tended to affect (p 0.05), cow parity and synchronization protocols showed a significant interaction (p < 0.005); the OR (0.60) was significantly lower (p < 0.0001) for multiparous cows compared to primiparous cows using PG+EB, whereas the OR (1.44) tended to be higher (p 0.05). Cows with BCS ${geq}$ 3.00 were more likely pregnant (OR: 1.41) compared with cows having BCS ${leq}$ 2.75, whereas cows inseminated during summer had a lower OR (0.73) compared with those inseminated during spring. Cows with a calving to AI interval > 150 days were more likely to be pregnant (OR: 1.20) compared with cows with a calving to AI interval ${leq}$ 150 days. In conclusion, the OR for pregnancy following synchronization protocols in dairy cows was affected by farm, parity, BCS, calving to AI interval of the cow, and AI season, and there was a significant interaction between cow parity and synchronization protocols; the OR for pregnancy was lower for multiparous cows compared with primiparous cows using the PG+EB protocol.

2014-10-31 0 195 178

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Abstract : Medical records of 48 pet ferrets that underwent adrenalectomy were retrospectively reviewed to investigate the frequency and clinical outcomes of adrenal diseases in pet ferrets. These diseases were most commonly diagnosed in ferrets aged 3 to 5 years and in neutered females (58.3%). Adrenal disease occurred most frequently in the left adrenal gland (72.9%), followed by involvement of both adrenal glands (16.7%) and the right adrenal gland (10.4%). The mean sizes (length * thickness) of the adrenal glands as determined by ultrasonography were 8.96 * 5.08 mm and 12.91 * 8.26 mm for the left and right adrenal glands, respectively. In the ferrets with adrenal disease, alopecia (82.2%) was the main presenting clinical signs in both sexes, and vulvar swelling was seen in 32.1% of the females with adrenal disease. The common incidental findings included renal cysts (29.2%) and splenomegaly (25.0%). Histological findings showed pheochromocytoma, adenoma, and hyperplasia in 44.7%, 14.9%, and 12.8% of cases, respectively. The survival rates at 1- and 2- years after surgery were 87.5% and 74.0%, respectively. Alopecia and vulvar swelling improved within an average of 3.4 months and 12 days after surgery.

2014-10-31 2 208 107

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Abstract : The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of chronic unpredictable stress on the reproductive function and ovarian luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR) expression. 9-week-old C57BL/6 female mice were randomly divided into two groups: control group and stressed group. Mice have been stressed twice a day for 35 days with 12 different stressors which were randomly selected. The results demonstrate that there is significant increase in the anxiety-related behaviors (P < 0.05), decrease body weight gain rate (P < 0.01) and decrease in the average of litter size in stressed mice compared with control group (P < 0.01). Furthermore, the rate of primary, secondary and early antral follicles in stressed mice significantly decreased (P < 0.05), whereas that of atretic follicles significantly increased compared with control mice (P < 0.01). The immunohistochemical analysis revealed that reduced LHR expression in granulosa cells of follicle and luteal cells of corpus luteum in response to chronic unpredictable stress. The western blot analysis revealed significantly decrease in LHR expression in the stressed mice ovaries compared with the control (P < 0.05). These results suggest that ovarian LHR expression affected by chronic unpredictable stress and the modulated ovarian LHR is responsible for ovarian follicular maldevelopment and reproductive dysfunction.

2014-10-31 0 172 66

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Abstract : A 6-year-old female Maltese (body weight, 3.1 kg) without clinical signs was referred for further evaluation of the cause of cardiac murmur. Thoracic radiography revealed right-sided cardiomegaly. Echocardiography showed marked hypertrophic remodeling of the right ventricular free wall and an anomalous muscular bundle and fibrous nodule near the subinfundibular portion of the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT), indicating a double-chambered right ventricle (DCRV). The turbulent flow from the anomalous muscular bundle to the main pulmonary artery was 4.6 m/sec, in addition to the tricuspid valvular regurgitation of 4.4 m/sec and main pulmonary artery flow of 1.1 m/sec. The dog is receiving atenolol (0.5 mg/kg) to minimize the deleterious cardiac effects of the high afterload, even though she remains asymptomatic. This report describes a case of DCRV, a rare congenital heart disease in dogs in South Korea.

2014-10-31 0 137 83

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Abstract : A 12-year-old castrated male Pekingese dog was presented with weakness, exercise intolerance, and an episode of coughing started 2 weeks earlier upon presentation. Physical examination revealed a grade II/VI left systolic heart murmur. Echocardiographic examination revealed a pericardial effusion and a mass at the heart base located beside the left atrium. The mass beside the left atrium was also visible on the thoracic radiograph after drainage of the pericardial effusion. An aortic body tumor was definitely diagnosed based on postmortem histopathological examination and immunohistochemical staining for specific markers. The dog lived 234 days after diagnosis with only medical management and without recurrence of the pericardial effusion.